Bending Force & Tonnage Calculator<\/title>\n <link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\">\n <link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.gstatic.com\" crossorigin>\n <link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Inter:wght@400;500;600;700&family=JetBrains+Mono:wght@400;500&display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\n <style>\n \/* All styles scoped to .bending-calculator-wrapper *\/\n .bending-calculator-wrapper {\n font-family: 'Inter', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, sans-serif;\n color: #1e293b;\n line-height: 1.5;\n background-color: #f8fafc;\n padding: 2rem 1rem;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper *, \n .bending-calculator-wrapper *::before, \n .bending-calculator-wrapper *::after {\n box-sizing: border-box;\n margin: 0;\n padding: 0;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .calc-container {\n max-width: 1280px;\n margin: 0 auto;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .calc-title {\n font-size: 1.5rem;\n font-weight: 700;\n color: #1e293b;\n margin-bottom: 1.5rem;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .mono {\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', 'Courier New', monospace;\n }\n \n \/* Formula Section *\/\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .formula-card {\n background: #ffffff;\n border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;\n border-radius: 1rem;\n padding: 2rem;\n margin-bottom: 2rem;\n box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .formula-display {\n background: linear-gradient(to right, #eff6ff, #eef2ff);\n border-radius: 0.75rem;\n padding: 1.5rem;\n margin-bottom: 2rem;\n text-align: center;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .formula-text {\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size: 1.875rem;\n font-weight: 600;\n color: #3b82f6;\n }\n @media (min-width: 768px) {\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .formula-text {\n font-size: 2.25rem;\n }\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .variables-grid {\n display: grid;\n grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);\n gap: 1rem;\n }\n @media (min-width: 768px) {\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .variables-grid {\n grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);\n }\n }\n @media (min-width: 1024px) {\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .variables-grid {\n grid-template-columns: repeat(6, 1fr);\n }\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .var-card {\n background: #f1f5f9;\n border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;\n border-radius: 0.5rem;\n padding: 1rem;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .var-symbol {\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size: 1.125rem;\n font-weight: 700;\n color: #3b82f6;\n margin-bottom: 0.25rem;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .var-name {\n font-weight: 500;\n color: #1e293b;\n font-size: 0.875rem;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .var-desc {\n font-size: 0.75rem;\n color: #64748b;\n }\n \n \/* Main Grid Layout *\/\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .main-grid {\n display: grid;\n gap: 2rem;\n }\n @media (min-width: 1024px) {\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .main-grid {\n grid-template-columns: 1fr 2fr;\n }\n }\n \n \/* Input Card *\/\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .input-card {\n background: #ffffff;\n border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;\n border-radius: 1rem;\n padding: 1.5rem;\n box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .input-header {\n display: flex;\n flex-wrap: wrap;\n align-items: center;\n justify-content: space-between;\n gap: 0.75rem;\n margin-bottom: 1.5rem;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .input-title {\n font-size: 1.125rem;\n font-weight: 600;\n color: #1e293b;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .unit-toggle {\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n gap: 0.5rem;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .unit-label {\n font-size: 0.75rem;\n color: #64748b;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .unit-label.active {\n color: #3b82f6;\n font-weight: 600;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .toggle-switch {\n position: relative;\n width: 2.5rem;\n height: 1.25rem;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .toggle-switch input {\n opacity: 0;\n width: 0;\n height: 0;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .toggle-slider {\n position: absolute;\n cursor: pointer;\n top: 0;\n left: 0;\n right: 0;\n bottom: 0;\n background-color: #d1d5db;\n border-radius: 1rem;\n transition: 0.3s;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .toggle-slider:before {\n position: absolute;\n content: \"\";\n height: 1rem;\n width: 1rem;\n left: 2px;\n bottom: 2px;\n background-color: white;\n border-radius: 50%;\n transition: 0.3s;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .toggle-switch input:checked + .toggle-slider {\n background-color: #3b82f6;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .toggle-switch input:checked + .toggle-slider:before {\n transform: translateX(1.25rem);\n }\n \n \/* Form Elements *\/\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .form-group {\n margin-bottom: 1.25rem;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .form-label {\n display: block;\n font-size: 0.875rem;\n font-weight: 500;\n color: #475569;\n margin-bottom: 0.5rem;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .form-label span {\n font-weight: 400;\n color: #64748b;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .form-input,\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .form-select {\n width: 100%;\n background-color: #f1f5f9;\n border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;\n border-radius: 0.5rem;\n padding: 0.75rem 1rem;\n color: #1e293b;\n font-size: 1rem;\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n outline: none;\n transition: border-color 0.2s, box-shadow 0.2s;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .form-input:hover,\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .form-select:hover {\n border-color: #cbd5e1;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .form-input:focus,\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .form-select:focus {\n border-color: #3b82f6;\n box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.15);\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .form-input::placeholder {\n color: #94a3b8;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .form-hint {\n font-size: 0.75rem;\n color: #64748b;\n margin-top: 0.25rem;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .hidden {\n display: none !important;\n }\n \n \/* Results Section *\/\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .results-section {\n display: flex;\n flex-direction: column;\n gap: 1.5rem;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .result-card {\n background: #ffffff;\n border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;\n border-radius: 1rem;\n padding: 2rem;\n box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.1);\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .result-title {\n font-size: 1.125rem;\n font-weight: 600;\n color: #1e293b;\n margin-bottom: 2rem;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .result-grid {\n display: grid;\n gap: 1.5rem;\n }\n @media (min-width: 768px) {\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .result-grid {\n grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);\n }\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .result-box {\n background: #f1f5f9;\n border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;\n border-radius: 0.75rem;\n padding: 1.5rem;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .result-label {\n font-size: 0.875rem;\n color: #64748b;\n margin-bottom: 0.5rem;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .result-value {\n display: flex;\n align-items: baseline;\n gap: 0.5rem;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .result-number {\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size: 2.25rem;\n font-weight: 700;\n color: #3b82f6;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .result-number.green {\n color: #10b981;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .result-unit {\n font-size: 1.125rem;\n color: #64748b;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .result-note {\n font-size: 0.75rem;\n color: #64748b;\n margin-top: 0.5rem;\n }\n \n \/* Additional Info Grid *\/\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .info-grid {\n display: grid;\n gap: 1rem;\n margin-top: 1.5rem;\n }\n @media (min-width: 768px) {\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .info-grid {\n grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);\n }\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .info-box {\n background: #f1f5f9;\n border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;\n border-radius: 0.5rem;\n padding: 1rem;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .info-label {\n font-size: 0.75rem;\n color: #64748b;\n margin-bottom: 0.25rem;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .info-value {\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size: 1.125rem;\n color: #1e293b;\n }\n \n \/* Warning Card *\/\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .warning-card {\n background: #fffbeb;\n border: 1px solid #f59e0b;\n border-radius: 1rem;\n padding: 1.5rem;\n display: flex;\n align-items: flex-start;\n gap: 1rem;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .warning-icon {\n width: 2.5rem;\n height: 2.5rem;\n background: #fef3c7;\n border-radius: 0.5rem;\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n justify-content: center;\n flex-shrink: 0;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .warning-icon svg {\n width: 1.5rem;\n height: 1.5rem;\n color: #f59e0b;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .warning-title {\n font-weight: 600;\n color: #b45309;\n margin-bottom: 0.25rem;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .warning-text {\n font-size: 0.875rem;\n color: #92400e;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .warning-details {\n font-size: 0.875rem;\n color: #d97706;\n margin-top: 0.5rem;\n }\n \n \/* Info Cards Grid *\/\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .cards-grid {\n display: grid;\n gap: 1.5rem;\n }\n @media (min-width: 768px) {\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .cards-grid {\n grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);\n }\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .info-card {\n background: #ffffff;\n border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;\n border-radius: 1rem;\n padding: 1.5rem;\n box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .info-card-title {\n font-size: 0.875rem;\n font-weight: 600;\n color: #64748b;\n margin-bottom: 1rem;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .safety-row {\n display: flex;\n justify-content: space-between;\n align-items: center;\n padding: 0.5rem 0;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .safety-label {\n font-size: 0.875rem;\n color: #64748b;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .safety-value {\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n color: #1e293b;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .safety-value.highlight {\n color: #3b82f6;\n font-weight: 600;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .divider {\n height: 1px;\n background: #e2e8f0;\n margin: 0.5rem 0;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .safety-note {\n font-size: 0.75rem;\n color: #64748b;\n }\n \n \/* V-Die Table *\/\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .vdie-grid {\n display: grid;\n grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);\n gap: 0.5rem;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .vdie-item {\n background: #f1f5f9;\n border-radius: 0.25rem;\n padding: 0.5rem 0.75rem;\n display: flex;\n justify-content: space-between;\n font-size: 0.875rem;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .vdie-label {\n color: #64748b;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .vdie-value {\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n color: #1e293b;\n }\n <\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n <div class=\"bending-calculator-wrapper\">\n <div class=\"calc-container\">\n \n <h2 class=\"calc-title\">Calculator<\/h2>\n \n \n <div class=\"formula-card\">\n <div class=\"formula-display\">\n <p class=\"formula-text\">P = (C \u00d7 S\u00b2 \u00d7 L \u00d7 \u03c3<sub>b<\/sub>) \/ V<\/p>\n <\/div>\n \n \n <div class=\"variables-grid\">\n <div class=\"var-card\">\n <p class=\"var-symbol\">P<\/p>\n <p class=\"var-name\">Bending Force<\/p>\n <p class=\"var-desc\">Output in Tons<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"var-card\">\n <p class=\"var-symbol\">C<\/p>\n <p class=\"var-name\">Constant<\/p>\n <p class=\"var-desc\">1.42 for air bending<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"var-card\">\n <p class=\"var-symbol\">S<\/p>\n <p class=\"var-name\">Material Thickness<\/p>\n <p class=\"var-desc\">Input in mm<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"var-card\">\n <p class=\"var-symbol\">L<\/p>\n <p class=\"var-name\">Bending Length<\/p>\n <p class=\"var-desc\">Input in mm<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"var-card\">\n <p class=\"var-symbol\">\u03c3<sub>b<\/sub><\/p>\n <p class=\"var-name\">Tensile Strength<\/p>\n <p class=\"var-desc\">MPa (N\/mm\u00b2)<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"var-card\">\n <p class=\"var-symbol\">V<\/p>\n <p class=\"var-name\">V-Die Opening<\/p>\n <p class=\"var-desc\">Input in mm<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n \n <div class=\"main-grid\">\n \n <div>\n <div class=\"input-card\">\n <div class=\"input-header\">\n <h3 class=\"input-title\">Input Parameters<\/h3>\n \n <div class=\"unit-toggle\">\n <span class=\"unit-label active\" id=\"unit-label-metric\">Metric<\/span>\n <label class=\"toggle-switch\">\n <input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"unit-toggle\">\n <span class=\"toggle-slider\"><\/span>\n <\/label>\n <span class=\"unit-label\" id=\"unit-label-imperial\">Imperial<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n \n <div class=\"form-group\">\n <label class=\"form-label\">\n Material Thickness (S) <span id=\"thickness-unit\">mm<\/span>\n <\/label>\n <input type=\"number\" id=\"thickness\" class=\"form-input\" placeholder=\"e.g., 3\" step=\"0.1\" min=\"0.1\">\n <\/div>\n \n \n <div class=\"form-group\">\n <label class=\"form-label\">\n Bending Length (L) <span id=\"length-unit\">mm<\/span>\n <\/label>\n <input type=\"number\" id=\"length\" class=\"form-input\" placeholder=\"e.g., 1000\" step=\"1\" min=\"1\">\n <\/div>\n \n \n <div class=\"form-group\">\n <label class=\"form-label\">\n V-Die Opening (V) <span id=\"vdie-unit\">mm<\/span>\n <\/label>\n <input type=\"number\" id=\"vdie\" class=\"form-input\" placeholder=\"e.g., 24\" step=\"1\" min=\"1\">\n <p class=\"form-hint\">Recommended: V \u2265 8 \u00d7 S = <span id=\"recommended-v\">24<\/span> <span id=\"rec-unit\">mm<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n \n \n <div class=\"form-group\">\n <label class=\"form-label\">\n Tensile Strength (\u03c3<sub>b<\/sub>) <span>MPa<\/span>\n <\/label>\n <select id=\"material-preset\" class=\"form-select\">\n <option value=\"450\">Mild Steel (450 MPa)<\/option>\n <option value=\"700\">Stainless Steel (700 MPa)<\/option>\n <option value=\"250\">Aluminum (250 MPa)<\/option>\n <option value=\"custom\">Custom Value<\/option>\n <\/select>\n <input type=\"number\" id=\"tensile-custom\" class=\"form-input hidden\" placeholder=\"Enter custom value\" step=\"1\" min=\"1\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5rem;\">\n <\/div>\n \n \n <div class=\"form-group\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0;\">\n <label class=\"form-label\">\n Bending Constant (C) <span>Default: 1.42<\/span>\n <\/label>\n <input type=\"number\" id=\"constant-c\" class=\"form-input\" placeholder=\"1.42\" step=\"0.01\" min=\"0.1\">\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n \n <div class=\"results-section\">\n \n <div class=\"result-card\">\n <h3 class=\"result-title\">Calculation Results<\/h3>\n \n <div class=\"result-grid\">\n \n <div class=\"result-box\">\n <p class=\"result-label\">Required Tonnage<\/p>\n <div class=\"result-value\">\n <span class=\"result-number\" id=\"result-tons\">0.00<\/span>\n <span class=\"result-unit\" id=\"tons-unit\">Tons<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <p class=\"result-note\" id=\"tons-type\">Metric Tons<\/p>\n <\/div>\n \n \n <div class=\"result-box\">\n <p class=\"result-label\">Force in kN<\/p>\n <div class=\"result-value\">\n <span class=\"result-number green\" id=\"result-kn\">0.00<\/span>\n <span class=\"result-unit\">kN<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <p class=\"result-note\">Kilo-Newtons<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n \n <div class=\"info-grid\">\n <div class=\"info-box\">\n <p class=\"info-label\">Force per meter<\/p>\n <p class=\"info-value\" id=\"result-per-meter\">0.00 <span style=\"font-size: 0.875rem; color: #64748b;\" id=\"per-meter-unit\">T\/m<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"info-box\">\n <p class=\"info-label\">Material<\/p>\n <p class=\"info-value\" id=\"result-material\">Mild Steel<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"info-box\">\n <p class=\"info-label\">V\/S Ratio<\/p>\n <p class=\"info-value\" id=\"result-ratio\">8.0<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n \n <div id=\"warning-card\" class=\"warning-card hidden\">\n <div class=\"warning-icon\">\n <svg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n <path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M12 9v2m0 4h.01m-6.938 4h13.856c1.54 0 2.502-1.667 1.732-3L13.732 4c-.77-1.333-2.694-1.333-3.464 0L3.34 16c-.77 1.333.192 3 1.732 3z\"\/>\n <\/svg>\n <\/div>\n <div>\n <h4 class=\"warning-title\">V-Die Opening Warning<\/h4>\n <p class=\"warning-text\">The V-die opening is less than 8\u00d7 the material thickness. Industry standard recommends V \u2265 8S for optimal bending results.<\/p>\n <p class=\"warning-details\">\n Current: V = <span id=\"warning-current-v\">24<\/span> <span id=\"warning-v-unit\">mm<\/span> | \n Recommended: V \u2265 <span id=\"warning-recommended-v\">24<\/span> <span id=\"warning-rec-unit\">mm<\/span>\n <\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n \n <div class=\"cards-grid\">\n \n <div class=\"info-card\">\n <h4 class=\"info-card-title\">Recommended Press Capacity<\/h4>\n <div class=\"safety-row\">\n <span class=\"safety-label\">Calculated Force<\/span>\n <span class=\"safety-value\" id=\"safety-calculated\">0.00 T<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"safety-row\">\n <span class=\"safety-label\">With 20% Safety Factor<\/span>\n <span class=\"safety-value highlight\" id=\"safety-recommended\">0.00 T<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"divider\"><\/div>\n <p class=\"safety-note\">Always select a press brake with capacity exceeding the calculated tonnage plus safety margin.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n \n \n <div class=\"info-card\">\n <h4 class=\"info-card-title\">Standard V-Die Selection (8S Rule)<\/h4>\n <div class=\"vdie-grid\">\n <div class=\"vdie-item\">\n <span class=\"vdie-label\" id=\"vdie-s1-label\">S = 1mm<\/span>\n <span class=\"vdie-value\" id=\"vdie-s1-value\">V = 8mm<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"vdie-item\">\n <span class=\"vdie-label\" id=\"vdie-s2-label\">S = 2mm<\/span>\n <span class=\"vdie-value\" id=\"vdie-s2-value\">V = 16mm<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"vdie-item\">\n <span class=\"vdie-label\" id=\"vdie-s3-label\">S = 3mm<\/span>\n <span class=\"vdie-value\" id=\"vdie-s3-value\">V = 24mm<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"vdie-item\">\n <span class=\"vdie-label\" id=\"vdie-s4-label\">S = 4mm<\/span>\n <span class=\"vdie-value\" id=\"vdie-s4-value\">V = 32mm<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"vdie-item\">\n <span class=\"vdie-label\" id=\"vdie-s5-label\">S = 6mm<\/span>\n <span class=\"vdie-value\" id=\"vdie-s5-value\">V = 48mm<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"vdie-item\">\n <span class=\"vdie-label\" id=\"vdie-s6-label\">S = 10mm<\/span>\n <span class=\"vdie-value\" id=\"vdie-s6-value\">V = 80mm<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <script>\n \/\/ DOM Elements\n const thicknessInput = document.getElementById('thickness');\n const lengthInput = document.getElementById('length');\n const vdieInput = document.getElementById('vdie');\n const materialPreset = document.getElementById('material-preset');\n const tensileCustom = document.getElementById('tensile-custom');\n const constantCInput = document.getElementById('constant-c');\n const unitToggle = document.getElementById('unit-toggle');\n \n \/\/ Result Elements\n const resultTons = document.getElementById('result-tons');\n const resultKN = document.getElementById('result-kn');\n const resultPerMeter = document.getElementById('result-per-meter');\n const resultMaterial = document.getElementById('result-material');\n const resultRatio = document.getElementById('result-ratio');\n const recommendedV = document.getElementById('recommended-v');\n const warningCard = document.getElementById('warning-card');\n const warningCurrentV = document.getElementById('warning-current-v');\n const warningRecommendedV = document.getElementById('warning-recommended-v');\n const safetyCalculated = document.getElementById('safety-calculated');\n const safetyRecommended = document.getElementById('safety-recommended');\n \n \/\/ Unit labels\n const thicknessUnit = document.getElementById('thickness-unit');\n const lengthUnit = document.getElementById('length-unit');\n const vdieUnit = document.getElementById('vdie-unit');\n const recUnit = document.getElementById('rec-unit');\n const tonsUnit = document.getElementById('tons-unit');\n const tonsType = document.getElementById('tons-type');\n const perMeterUnit = document.getElementById('per-meter-unit');\n const warningVUnit = document.getElementById('warning-v-unit');\n const warningRecUnit = document.getElementById('warning-rec-unit');\n const unitLabelMetric = document.getElementById('unit-label-metric');\n const unitLabelImperial = document.getElementById('unit-label-imperial');\n \n \/\/ Conversion constants\n const MM_TO_INCH = 0.0393701;\n const INCH_TO_MM = 25.4;\n const METRIC_TON_TO_US_TON = 1.10231;\n \n \/\/ State\n let isImperial = false;\n \n \/\/ Material names mapping\n const materialNames = {\n '450': 'Mild Steel',\n '700': 'Stainless Steel',\n '250': 'Aluminum',\n 'custom': 'Custom'\n };\n \n \/\/ Show\/hide custom tensile input\n materialPreset.addEventListener('change', function() {\n if (this.value === 'custom') {\n tensileCustom.classList.remove('hidden');\n tensileCustom.focus();\n } else {\n tensileCustom.classList.add('hidden');\n }\n calculate();\n });\n \n \/\/ Unit toggle handler\n unitToggle.addEventListener('change', function() {\n isImperial = this.checked;\n updateUnits();\n convertInputValues();\n calculate();\n });\n \n function updateUnits() {\n if (isImperial) {\n thicknessUnit.textContent = 'inch';\n lengthUnit.textContent = 'inch';\n vdieUnit.textContent = 'inch';\n recUnit.textContent = 'inch';\n tonsUnit.textContent = 'US Tons';\n tonsType.textContent = 'US Short Tons';\n perMeterUnit.textContent = 'T\/ft';\n warningVUnit.textContent = 'inch';\n warningRecUnit.textContent = 'inch';\n unitLabelMetric.classList.remove('active');\n unitLabelImperial.classList.add('active');\n } else {\n thicknessUnit.textContent = 'mm';\n lengthUnit.textContent = 'mm';\n vdieUnit.textContent = 'mm';\n recUnit.textContent = 'mm';\n tonsUnit.textContent = 'Tons';\n tonsType.textContent = 'Metric Tons';\n perMeterUnit.textContent = 'T\/m';\n warningVUnit.textContent = 'mm';\n warningRecUnit.textContent = 'mm';\n unitLabelMetric.classList.add('active');\n unitLabelImperial.classList.remove('active');\n }\n updateVDieTable();\n }\n \n function convertInputValues() {\n if (isImperial) {\n thicknessInput.value = (parseFloat(thicknessInput.value) * MM_TO_INCH).toFixed(4);\n lengthInput.value = (parseFloat(lengthInput.value) * MM_TO_INCH).toFixed(3);\n vdieInput.value = (parseFloat(vdieInput.value) * MM_TO_INCH).toFixed(4);\n thicknessInput.step = '0.001';\n lengthInput.step = '0.1';\n vdieInput.step = '0.001';\n } else {\n thicknessInput.value = (parseFloat(thicknessInput.value) * INCH_TO_MM).toFixed(1);\n lengthInput.value = (parseFloat(lengthInput.value) * INCH_TO_MM).toFixed(0);\n vdieInput.value = (parseFloat(vdieInput.value) * INCH_TO_MM).toFixed(1);\n thicknessInput.step = '0.1';\n lengthInput.step = '1';\n vdieInput.step = '1';\n }\n }\n \n function updateVDieTable() {\n const thicknesses = [1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 10];\n const labels = ['vdie-s1', 'vdie-s2', 'vdie-s3', 'vdie-s4', 'vdie-s5', 'vdie-s6'];\n \n thicknesses.forEach((s, i) => {\n const labelEl = document.getElementById(`${labels[i]}-label`);\n const valueEl = document.getElementById(`${labels[i]}-value`);\n \n if (isImperial) {\n const sInch = (s * MM_TO_INCH).toFixed(3);\n const vInch = (s * 8 * MM_TO_INCH).toFixed(3);\n labelEl.textContent = `S = ${sInch}\"`;\n valueEl.textContent = `V = ${vInch}\"`;\n } else {\n labelEl.textContent = `S = ${s}mm`;\n valueEl.textContent = `V = ${s * 8}mm`;\n }\n });\n }\n \n function calculate() {\n let S = parseFloat(thicknessInput.value) || 0;\n let L = parseFloat(lengthInput.value) || 0;\n let V = parseFloat(vdieInput.value) || 0;\n const C = parseFloat(constantCInput.value) || 1.42;\n \n let sigma;\n if (materialPreset.value === 'custom') {\n sigma = parseFloat(tensileCustom.value) || 0;\n } else {\n sigma = parseFloat(materialPreset.value);\n }\n \n let S_mm = S, L_mm = L, V_mm = V;\n if (isImperial) {\n S_mm = S * INCH_TO_MM;\n L_mm = L * INCH_TO_MM;\n V_mm = V * INCH_TO_MM;\n }\n \n const L_m = L_mm \/ 1000;\n \n let P_metric = 0;\n if (V_mm > 0 && S_mm > 0 && L_m > 0 && sigma > 0) {\n P_metric = (C * Math.pow(S_mm, 2) * L_m * sigma) \/ V_mm \/ 1000;\n }\n \n let P_display = isImperial ? P_metric * METRIC_TON_TO_US_TON : P_metric;\n const P_kN = P_metric * 9.80665;\n \n let forcePerUnit = 0;\n if (L_m > 0) {\n forcePerUnit = P_display \/ (isImperial ? L_m * 3.28084 : L_m);\n }\n \n resultTons.textContent = P_display.toFixed(2);\n resultKN.textContent = P_kN.toFixed(2);\n resultPerMeter.innerHTML = `${forcePerUnit.toFixed(2)} <span style=\"font-size: 0.875rem; color: #64748b;\">${isImperial ? 'T\/ft' : 'T\/m'}<\/span>`;\n \n if (materialPreset.value === 'custom') {\n resultMaterial.textContent = `Custom (${sigma} MPa)`;\n } else {\n resultMaterial.textContent = materialNames[materialPreset.value];\n }\n \n const ratio = V_mm \/ S_mm;\n resultRatio.textContent = isNaN(ratio) ? '\u2014' : ratio.toFixed(1);\n \n const recV = S * 8;\n recommendedV.textContent = isImperial ? recV.toFixed(4) : recV.toFixed(1);\n \n const minV = S_mm * 8;\n if (V_mm < minV && V_mm > 0 && S_mm > 0) {\n warningCard.classList.remove('hidden');\n warningCurrentV.textContent = isImperial ? V.toFixed(4) : V.toFixed(1);\n warningRecommendedV.textContent = isImperial ? (minV * MM_TO_INCH).toFixed(4) : minV.toFixed(1);\n } else {\n warningCard.classList.add('hidden');\n }\n \n const unitSuffix = isImperial ? ' US T' : ' T';\n safetyCalculated.textContent = P_display.toFixed(2) + unitSuffix;\n safetyRecommended.textContent = (P_display * 1.2).toFixed(2) + unitSuffix;\n }\n \n [thicknessInput, lengthInput, vdieInput, tensileCustom, constantCInput].forEach(input => {\n input.addEventListener('input', calculate);\n });\n \n calculate();\n updateVDieTable();\n <\/script>\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bending Force & Tonnage Calculator is a practical engineering tool designed to help metal fabrication professionals accurately calculate the required bending force and tonnage for…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24201,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"pmpro_default_level":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8413],"tags":[8423,8424,287,8426],"class_list":["post-24199","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-unit-and-industry-standard-conversion","tag-bending-force","tag-metal-bending","tag-press-brake","tag-tonnage-calculator","pmpro-has-access"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.mechstream.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Bending-Force-Tonnage-Calculator.png","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mechstream.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24199","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mechstream.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mechstream.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mechstream.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mechstream.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24199"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.mechstream.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24199\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mechstream.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24201"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mechstream.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24199"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mechstream.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24199"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mechstream.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24199"}],"curies":[{"name":"WP","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}

{"id":24199,"date":"2026-02-02T06:54:32","date_gmt":"2026-02-02T06:54:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mechstream.com\/?p=24199"},"modified":"2026-02-02T07:34:26","modified_gmt":"2026-02-02T07:34:26","slug":"bending-force-tonnage-calculator","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mechstream.com\/ru\/bending-force-tonnage-calculator\/","title":{"rendered":"Bending Force & Tonnage Calculator"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Bending Force & Tonnage Calculator<\/strong> is a practical engineering tool designed to help metal fabrication professionals accurately calculate the required bending force and tonnage for press brake operations. By inputting material type, thickness, bending length, and die opening, this calculator quickly provides reliable tonnage estimates to prevent machine overload, tooling damage, and bending inaccuracies. Using a Bending Force & Tonnage Calculator allows operators, engineers, and production planners to select the correct press brake capacity, optimize tooling setups, and improve bending safety and efficiency. It is an essential reference for workshop planning, machine selection, and daily bending process optimization.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n \n \n Bending Force & Tonnage Calculator<\/title>\n <link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\">\n <link rel=\"preconnect\" href=\"https:\/\/fonts.gstatic.com\" crossorigin>\n <link href=\"https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com\/css2?family=Inter:wght@400;500;600;700&family=JetBrains+Mono:wght@400;500&display=swap\" rel=\"stylesheet\">\n <style>\n \/* All styles scoped to .bending-calculator-wrapper *\/\n .bending-calculator-wrapper {\n font-family: 'Inter', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, sans-serif;\n color: #1e293b;\n line-height: 1.5;\n background-color: #f8fafc;\n padding: 2rem 1rem;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper *, \n .bending-calculator-wrapper *::before, \n .bending-calculator-wrapper *::after {\n box-sizing: border-box;\n margin: 0;\n padding: 0;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .calc-container {\n max-width: 1280px;\n margin: 0 auto;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .calc-title {\n font-size: 1.5rem;\n font-weight: 700;\n color: #1e293b;\n margin-bottom: 1.5rem;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .mono {\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', 'Courier New', monospace;\n }\n \n \/* Formula Section *\/\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .formula-card {\n background: #ffffff;\n border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;\n border-radius: 1rem;\n padding: 2rem;\n margin-bottom: 2rem;\n box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .formula-display {\n background: linear-gradient(to right, #eff6ff, #eef2ff);\n border-radius: 0.75rem;\n padding: 1.5rem;\n margin-bottom: 2rem;\n text-align: center;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .formula-text {\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size: 1.875rem;\n font-weight: 600;\n color: #3b82f6;\n }\n @media (min-width: 768px) {\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .formula-text {\n font-size: 2.25rem;\n }\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .variables-grid {\n display: grid;\n grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);\n gap: 1rem;\n }\n @media (min-width: 768px) {\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .variables-grid {\n grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);\n }\n }\n @media (min-width: 1024px) {\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .variables-grid {\n grid-template-columns: repeat(6, 1fr);\n }\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .var-card {\n background: #f1f5f9;\n border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;\n border-radius: 0.5rem;\n padding: 1rem;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .var-symbol {\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size: 1.125rem;\n font-weight: 700;\n color: #3b82f6;\n margin-bottom: 0.25rem;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .var-name {\n font-weight: 500;\n color: #1e293b;\n font-size: 0.875rem;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .var-desc {\n font-size: 0.75rem;\n color: #64748b;\n }\n \n \/* Main Grid Layout *\/\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .main-grid {\n display: grid;\n gap: 2rem;\n }\n @media (min-width: 1024px) {\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .main-grid {\n grid-template-columns: 1fr 2fr;\n }\n }\n \n \/* Input Card *\/\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .input-card {\n background: #ffffff;\n border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;\n border-radius: 1rem;\n padding: 1.5rem;\n box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .input-header {\n display: flex;\n flex-wrap: wrap;\n align-items: center;\n justify-content: space-between;\n gap: 0.75rem;\n margin-bottom: 1.5rem;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .input-title {\n font-size: 1.125rem;\n font-weight: 600;\n color: #1e293b;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .unit-toggle {\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n gap: 0.5rem;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .unit-label {\n font-size: 0.75rem;\n color: #64748b;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .unit-label.active {\n color: #3b82f6;\n font-weight: 600;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .toggle-switch {\n position: relative;\n width: 2.5rem;\n height: 1.25rem;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .toggle-switch input {\n opacity: 0;\n width: 0;\n height: 0;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .toggle-slider {\n position: absolute;\n cursor: pointer;\n top: 0;\n left: 0;\n right: 0;\n bottom: 0;\n background-color: #d1d5db;\n border-radius: 1rem;\n transition: 0.3s;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .toggle-slider:before {\n position: absolute;\n content: \"\";\n height: 1rem;\n width: 1rem;\n left: 2px;\n bottom: 2px;\n background-color: white;\n border-radius: 50%;\n transition: 0.3s;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .toggle-switch input:checked + .toggle-slider {\n background-color: #3b82f6;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .toggle-switch input:checked + .toggle-slider:before {\n transform: translateX(1.25rem);\n }\n \n \/* Form Elements *\/\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .form-group {\n margin-bottom: 1.25rem;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .form-label {\n display: block;\n font-size: 0.875rem;\n font-weight: 500;\n color: #475569;\n margin-bottom: 0.5rem;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .form-label span {\n font-weight: 400;\n color: #64748b;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .form-input,\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .form-select {\n width: 100%;\n background-color: #f1f5f9;\n border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;\n border-radius: 0.5rem;\n padding: 0.75rem 1rem;\n color: #1e293b;\n font-size: 1rem;\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n outline: none;\n transition: border-color 0.2s, box-shadow 0.2s;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .form-input:hover,\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .form-select:hover {\n border-color: #cbd5e1;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .form-input:focus,\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .form-select:focus {\n border-color: #3b82f6;\n box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.15);\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .form-input::placeholder {\n color: #94a3b8;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .form-hint {\n font-size: 0.75rem;\n color: #64748b;\n margin-top: 0.25rem;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .hidden {\n display: none !important;\n }\n \n \/* Results Section *\/\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .results-section {\n display: flex;\n flex-direction: column;\n gap: 1.5rem;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .result-card {\n background: #ffffff;\n border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;\n border-radius: 1rem;\n padding: 2rem;\n box-shadow: 0 4px 20px rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.1);\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .result-title {\n font-size: 1.125rem;\n font-weight: 600;\n color: #1e293b;\n margin-bottom: 2rem;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .result-grid {\n display: grid;\n gap: 1.5rem;\n }\n @media (min-width: 768px) {\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .result-grid {\n grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);\n }\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .result-box {\n background: #f1f5f9;\n border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;\n border-radius: 0.75rem;\n padding: 1.5rem;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .result-label {\n font-size: 0.875rem;\n color: #64748b;\n margin-bottom: 0.5rem;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .result-value {\n display: flex;\n align-items: baseline;\n gap: 0.5rem;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .result-number {\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size: 2.25rem;\n font-weight: 700;\n color: #3b82f6;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .result-number.green {\n color: #10b981;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .result-unit {\n font-size: 1.125rem;\n color: #64748b;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .result-note {\n font-size: 0.75rem;\n color: #64748b;\n margin-top: 0.5rem;\n }\n \n \/* Additional Info Grid *\/\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .info-grid {\n display: grid;\n gap: 1rem;\n margin-top: 1.5rem;\n }\n @media (min-width: 768px) {\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .info-grid {\n grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);\n }\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .info-box {\n background: #f1f5f9;\n border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;\n border-radius: 0.5rem;\n padding: 1rem;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .info-label {\n font-size: 0.75rem;\n color: #64748b;\n margin-bottom: 0.25rem;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .info-value {\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n font-size: 1.125rem;\n color: #1e293b;\n }\n \n \/* Warning Card *\/\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .warning-card {\n background: #fffbeb;\n border: 1px solid #f59e0b;\n border-radius: 1rem;\n padding: 1.5rem;\n display: flex;\n align-items: flex-start;\n gap: 1rem;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .warning-icon {\n width: 2.5rem;\n height: 2.5rem;\n background: #fef3c7;\n border-radius: 0.5rem;\n display: flex;\n align-items: center;\n justify-content: center;\n flex-shrink: 0;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .warning-icon svg {\n width: 1.5rem;\n height: 1.5rem;\n color: #f59e0b;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .warning-title {\n font-weight: 600;\n color: #b45309;\n margin-bottom: 0.25rem;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .warning-text {\n font-size: 0.875rem;\n color: #92400e;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .warning-details {\n font-size: 0.875rem;\n color: #d97706;\n margin-top: 0.5rem;\n }\n \n \/* Info Cards Grid *\/\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .cards-grid {\n display: grid;\n gap: 1.5rem;\n }\n @media (min-width: 768px) {\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .cards-grid {\n grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);\n }\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .info-card {\n background: #ffffff;\n border: 1px solid #e2e8f0;\n border-radius: 1rem;\n padding: 1.5rem;\n box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .info-card-title {\n font-size: 0.875rem;\n font-weight: 600;\n color: #64748b;\n margin-bottom: 1rem;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .safety-row {\n display: flex;\n justify-content: space-between;\n align-items: center;\n padding: 0.5rem 0;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .safety-label {\n font-size: 0.875rem;\n color: #64748b;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .safety-value {\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n color: #1e293b;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .safety-value.highlight {\n color: #3b82f6;\n font-weight: 600;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .divider {\n height: 1px;\n background: #e2e8f0;\n margin: 0.5rem 0;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .safety-note {\n font-size: 0.75rem;\n color: #64748b;\n }\n \n \/* V-Die Table *\/\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .vdie-grid {\n display: grid;\n grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);\n gap: 0.5rem;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .vdie-item {\n background: #f1f5f9;\n border-radius: 0.25rem;\n padding: 0.5rem 0.75rem;\n display: flex;\n justify-content: space-between;\n font-size: 0.875rem;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .vdie-label {\n color: #64748b;\n }\n .bending-calculator-wrapper .vdie-value {\n font-family: 'JetBrains Mono', monospace;\n color: #1e293b;\n }\n <\/style>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n <div class=\"bending-calculator-wrapper\">\n <div class=\"calc-container\">\n \n <h2 class=\"calc-title\">Calculator<\/h2>\n \n \n <div class=\"formula-card\">\n <div class=\"formula-display\">\n <p class=\"formula-text\">P = (C \u00d7 S\u00b2 \u00d7 L \u00d7 \u03c3<sub>b<\/sub>) \/ V<\/p>\n <\/div>\n \n \n <div class=\"variables-grid\">\n <div class=\"var-card\">\n <p class=\"var-symbol\">P<\/p>\n <p class=\"var-name\">Bending Force<\/p>\n <p class=\"var-desc\">Output in Tons<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"var-card\">\n <p class=\"var-symbol\">C<\/p>\n <p class=\"var-name\">Constant<\/p>\n <p class=\"var-desc\">1.42 for air bending<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"var-card\">\n <p class=\"var-symbol\">S<\/p>\n <p class=\"var-name\">Material Thickness<\/p>\n <p class=\"var-desc\">Input in mm<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"var-card\">\n <p class=\"var-symbol\">L<\/p>\n <p class=\"var-name\">Bending Length<\/p>\n <p class=\"var-desc\">Input in mm<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"var-card\">\n <p class=\"var-symbol\">\u03c3<sub>b<\/sub><\/p>\n <p class=\"var-name\">Tensile Strength<\/p>\n <p class=\"var-desc\">MPa (N\/mm\u00b2)<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"var-card\">\n <p class=\"var-symbol\">V<\/p>\n <p class=\"var-name\">V-Die Opening<\/p>\n <p class=\"var-desc\">Input in mm<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n \n <div class=\"main-grid\">\n \n <div>\n <div class=\"input-card\">\n <div class=\"input-header\">\n <h3 class=\"input-title\">Input Parameters<\/h3>\n \n <div class=\"unit-toggle\">\n <span class=\"unit-label active\" id=\"unit-label-metric\">Metric<\/span>\n <label class=\"toggle-switch\">\n <input type=\"checkbox\" id=\"unit-toggle\">\n <span class=\"toggle-slider\"><\/span>\n <\/label>\n <span class=\"unit-label\" id=\"unit-label-imperial\">Imperial<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n \n <div class=\"form-group\">\n <label class=\"form-label\">\n Material Thickness (S) <span id=\"thickness-unit\">mm<\/span>\n <\/label>\n <input type=\"number\" id=\"thickness\" class=\"form-input\" placeholder=\"e.g., 3\" step=\"0.1\" min=\"0.1\">\n <\/div>\n \n \n <div class=\"form-group\">\n <label class=\"form-label\">\n Bending Length (L) <span id=\"length-unit\">mm<\/span>\n <\/label>\n <input type=\"number\" id=\"length\" class=\"form-input\" placeholder=\"e.g., 1000\" step=\"1\" min=\"1\">\n <\/div>\n \n \n <div class=\"form-group\">\n <label class=\"form-label\">\n V-Die Opening (V) <span id=\"vdie-unit\">mm<\/span>\n <\/label>\n <input type=\"number\" id=\"vdie\" class=\"form-input\" placeholder=\"e.g., 24\" step=\"1\" min=\"1\">\n <p class=\"form-hint\">Recommended: V \u2265 8 \u00d7 S = <span id=\"recommended-v\">24<\/span> <span id=\"rec-unit\">mm<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n \n \n <div class=\"form-group\">\n <label class=\"form-label\">\n Tensile Strength (\u03c3<sub>b<\/sub>) <span>MPa<\/span>\n <\/label>\n <select id=\"material-preset\" class=\"form-select\">\n <option value=\"450\">Mild Steel (450 MPa)<\/option>\n <option value=\"700\">Stainless Steel (700 MPa)<\/option>\n <option value=\"250\">Aluminum (250 MPa)<\/option>\n <option value=\"custom\">Custom Value<\/option>\n <\/select>\n <input type=\"number\" id=\"tensile-custom\" class=\"form-input hidden\" placeholder=\"Enter custom value\" step=\"1\" min=\"1\" style=\"margin-top: 0.5rem;\">\n <\/div>\n \n \n <div class=\"form-group\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0;\">\n <label class=\"form-label\">\n Bending Constant (C) <span>Default: 1.42<\/span>\n <\/label>\n <input type=\"number\" id=\"constant-c\" class=\"form-input\" placeholder=\"1.42\" step=\"0.01\" min=\"0.1\">\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n \n <div class=\"results-section\">\n \n <div class=\"result-card\">\n <h3 class=\"result-title\">Calculation Results<\/h3>\n \n <div class=\"result-grid\">\n \n <div class=\"result-box\">\n <p class=\"result-label\">Required Tonnage<\/p>\n <div class=\"result-value\">\n <span class=\"result-number\" id=\"result-tons\">0.00<\/span>\n <span class=\"result-unit\" id=\"tons-unit\">Tons<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <p class=\"result-note\" id=\"tons-type\">Metric Tons<\/p>\n <\/div>\n \n \n <div class=\"result-box\">\n <p class=\"result-label\">Force in kN<\/p>\n <div class=\"result-value\">\n <span class=\"result-number green\" id=\"result-kn\">0.00<\/span>\n <span class=\"result-unit\">kN<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <p class=\"result-note\">Kilo-Newtons<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n \n <div class=\"info-grid\">\n <div class=\"info-box\">\n <p class=\"info-label\">Force per meter<\/p>\n <p class=\"info-value\" id=\"result-per-meter\">0.00 <span style=\"font-size: 0.875rem; color: #64748b;\" id=\"per-meter-unit\">T\/m<\/span><\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"info-box\">\n <p class=\"info-label\">Material<\/p>\n <p class=\"info-value\" id=\"result-material\">Mild Steel<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"info-box\">\n <p class=\"info-label\">V\/S Ratio<\/p>\n <p class=\"info-value\" id=\"result-ratio\">8.0<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n \n <div id=\"warning-card\" class=\"warning-card hidden\">\n <div class=\"warning-icon\">\n <svg fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\">\n <path stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" d=\"M12 9v2m0 4h.01m-6.938 4h13.856c1.54 0 2.502-1.667 1.732-3L13.732 4c-.77-1.333-2.694-1.333-3.464 0L3.34 16c-.77 1.333.192 3 1.732 3z\"\/>\n <\/svg>\n <\/div>\n <div>\n <h4 class=\"warning-title\">V-Die Opening Warning<\/h4>\n <p class=\"warning-text\">The V-die opening is less than 8\u00d7 the material thickness. Industry standard recommends V \u2265 8S for optimal bending results.<\/p>\n <p class=\"warning-details\">\n Current: V = <span id=\"warning-current-v\">24<\/span> <span id=\"warning-v-unit\">mm<\/span> | \n Recommended: V \u2265 <span id=\"warning-recommended-v\">24<\/span> <span id=\"warning-rec-unit\">mm<\/span>\n <\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n \n \n <div class=\"cards-grid\">\n \n <div class=\"info-card\">\n <h4 class=\"info-card-title\">Recommended Press Capacity<\/h4>\n <div class=\"safety-row\">\n <span class=\"safety-label\">Calculated Force<\/span>\n <span class=\"safety-value\" id=\"safety-calculated\">0.00 T<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"safety-row\">\n <span class=\"safety-label\">With 20% Safety Factor<\/span>\n <span class=\"safety-value highlight\" id=\"safety-recommended\">0.00 T<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"divider\"><\/div>\n <p class=\"safety-note\">Always select a press brake with capacity exceeding the calculated tonnage plus safety margin.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n \n \n <div class=\"info-card\">\n <h4 class=\"info-card-title\">Standard V-Die Selection (8S Rule)<\/h4>\n <div class=\"vdie-grid\">\n <div class=\"vdie-item\">\n <span class=\"vdie-label\" id=\"vdie-s1-label\">S = 1mm<\/span>\n <span class=\"vdie-value\" id=\"vdie-s1-value\">V = 8mm<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"vdie-item\">\n <span class=\"vdie-label\" id=\"vdie-s2-label\">S = 2mm<\/span>\n <span class=\"vdie-value\" id=\"vdie-s2-value\">V = 16mm<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"vdie-item\">\n <span class=\"vdie-label\" id=\"vdie-s3-label\">S = 3mm<\/span>\n <span class=\"vdie-value\" id=\"vdie-s3-value\">V = 24mm<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"vdie-item\">\n <span class=\"vdie-label\" id=\"vdie-s4-label\">S = 4mm<\/span>\n <span class=\"vdie-value\" id=\"vdie-s4-value\">V = 32mm<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"vdie-item\">\n <span class=\"vdie-label\" id=\"vdie-s5-label\">S = 6mm<\/span>\n <span class=\"vdie-value\" id=\"vdie-s5-value\">V = 48mm<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"vdie-item\">\n <span class=\"vdie-label\" id=\"vdie-s6-label\">S = 10mm<\/span>\n <span class=\"vdie-value\" id=\"vdie-s6-value\">V = 80mm<\/span>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n\n <script>\n \/\/ DOM Elements\n const thicknessInput = document.getElementById('thickness');\n const lengthInput = document.getElementById('length');\n const vdieInput = document.getElementById('vdie');\n const materialPreset = document.getElementById('material-preset');\n const tensileCustom = document.getElementById('tensile-custom');\n const constantCInput = document.getElementById('constant-c');\n const unitToggle = document.getElementById('unit-toggle');\n \n \/\/ Result Elements\n const resultTons = document.getElementById('result-tons');\n const resultKN = document.getElementById('result-kn');\n const resultPerMeter = document.getElementById('result-per-meter');\n const resultMaterial = document.getElementById('result-material');\n const resultRatio = document.getElementById('result-ratio');\n const recommendedV = document.getElementById('recommended-v');\n const warningCard = document.getElementById('warning-card');\n const warningCurrentV = document.getElementById('warning-current-v');\n const warningRecommendedV = document.getElementById('warning-recommended-v');\n const safetyCalculated = document.getElementById('safety-calculated');\n const safetyRecommended = document.getElementById('safety-recommended');\n \n \/\/ Unit labels\n const thicknessUnit = document.getElementById('thickness-unit');\n const lengthUnit = document.getElementById('length-unit');\n const vdieUnit = document.getElementById('vdie-unit');\n const recUnit = document.getElementById('rec-unit');\n const tonsUnit = document.getElementById('tons-unit');\n const tonsType = document.getElementById('tons-type');\n const perMeterUnit = document.getElementById('per-meter-unit');\n const warningVUnit = document.getElementById('warning-v-unit');\n const warningRecUnit = document.getElementById('warning-rec-unit');\n const unitLabelMetric = document.getElementById('unit-label-metric');\n const unitLabelImperial = document.getElementById('unit-label-imperial');\n \n \/\/ Conversion constants\n const MM_TO_INCH = 0.0393701;\n const INCH_TO_MM = 25.4;\n const METRIC_TON_TO_US_TON = 1.10231;\n \n \/\/ State\n let isImperial = false;\n \n \/\/ Material names mapping\n const materialNames = {\n '450': 'Mild Steel',\n '700': 'Stainless Steel',\n '250': 'Aluminum',\n 'custom': 'Custom'\n };\n \n \/\/ Show\/hide custom tensile input\n materialPreset.addEventListener('change', function() {\n if (this.value === 'custom') {\n tensileCustom.classList.remove('hidden');\n tensileCustom.focus();\n } else {\n tensileCustom.classList.add('hidden');\n }\n calculate();\n });\n \n \/\/ Unit toggle handler\n unitToggle.addEventListener('change', function() {\n isImperial = this.checked;\n updateUnits();\n convertInputValues();\n calculate();\n });\n \n function updateUnits() {\n if (isImperial) {\n thicknessUnit.textContent = 'inch';\n lengthUnit.textContent = 'inch';\n vdieUnit.textContent = 'inch';\n recUnit.textContent = 'inch';\n tonsUnit.textContent = 'US Tons';\n tonsType.textContent = 'US Short Tons';\n perMeterUnit.textContent = 'T\/ft';\n warningVUnit.textContent = 'inch';\n warningRecUnit.textContent = 'inch';\n unitLabelMetric.classList.remove('active');\n unitLabelImperial.classList.add('active');\n } else {\n thicknessUnit.textContent = 'mm';\n lengthUnit.textContent = 'mm';\n vdieUnit.textContent = 'mm';\n recUnit.textContent = 'mm';\n tonsUnit.textContent = 'Tons';\n tonsType.textContent = 'Metric Tons';\n perMeterUnit.textContent = 'T\/m';\n warningVUnit.textContent = 'mm';\n warningRecUnit.textContent = 'mm';\n unitLabelMetric.classList.add('active');\n unitLabelImperial.classList.remove('active');\n }\n updateVDieTable();\n }\n \n function convertInputValues() {\n if (isImperial) {\n thicknessInput.value = (parseFloat(thicknessInput.value) * MM_TO_INCH).toFixed(4);\n lengthInput.value = (parseFloat(lengthInput.value) * MM_TO_INCH).toFixed(3);\n vdieInput.value = (parseFloat(vdieInput.value) * MM_TO_INCH).toFixed(4);\n thicknessInput.step = '0.001';\n lengthInput.step = '0.1';\n vdieInput.step = '0.001';\n } else {\n thicknessInput.value = (parseFloat(thicknessInput.value) * INCH_TO_MM).toFixed(1);\n lengthInput.value = (parseFloat(lengthInput.value) * INCH_TO_MM).toFixed(0);\n vdieInput.value = (parseFloat(vdieInput.value) * INCH_TO_MM).toFixed(1);\n thicknessInput.step = '0.1';\n lengthInput.step = '1';\n vdieInput.step = '1';\n }\n }\n \n function updateVDieTable() {\n const thicknesses = [1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 10];\n const labels = ['vdie-s1', 'vdie-s2', 'vdie-s3', 'vdie-s4', 'vdie-s5', 'vdie-s6'];\n \n thicknesses.forEach((s, i) => {\n const labelEl = document.getElementById(`${labels[i]}-label`);\n const valueEl = document.getElementById(`${labels[i]}-value`);\n \n if (isImperial) {\n const sInch = (s * MM_TO_INCH).toFixed(3);\n const vInch = (s * 8 * MM_TO_INCH).toFixed(3);\n labelEl.textContent = `S = ${sInch}\"`;\n valueEl.textContent = `V = ${vInch}\"`;\n } else {\n labelEl.textContent = `S = ${s}mm`;\n valueEl.textContent = `V = ${s * 8}mm`;\n }\n });\n }\n \n function calculate() {\n let S = parseFloat(thicknessInput.value) || 0;\n let L = parseFloat(lengthInput.value) || 0;\n let V = parseFloat(vdieInput.value) || 0;\n const C = parseFloat(constantCInput.value) || 1.42;\n \n let sigma;\n if (materialPreset.value === 'custom') {\n sigma = parseFloat(tensileCustom.value) || 0;\n } else {\n sigma = parseFloat(materialPreset.value);\n }\n \n let S_mm = S, L_mm = L, V_mm = V;\n if (isImperial) {\n S_mm = S * INCH_TO_MM;\n L_mm = L * INCH_TO_MM;\n V_mm = V * INCH_TO_MM;\n }\n \n const L_m = L_mm \/ 1000;\n \n let P_metric = 0;\n if (V_mm > 0 && S_mm > 0 && L_m > 0 && sigma > 0) {\n P_metric = (C * Math.pow(S_mm, 2) * L_m * sigma) \/ V_mm \/ 1000;\n }\n \n let P_display = isImperial ? P_metric * METRIC_TON_TO_US_TON : P_metric;\n const P_kN = P_metric * 9.80665;\n \n let forcePerUnit = 0;\n if (L_m > 0) {\n forcePerUnit = P_display \/ (isImperial ? L_m * 3.28084 : L_m);\n }\n \n resultTons.textContent = P_display.toFixed(2);\n resultKN.textContent = P_kN.toFixed(2);\n resultPerMeter.innerHTML = `${forcePerUnit.toFixed(2)} <span style=\"font-size: 0.875rem; color: #64748b;\">${isImperial ? 'T\/ft' : 'T\/m'}<\/span>`;\n \n if (materialPreset.value === 'custom') {\n resultMaterial.textContent = `Custom (${sigma} MPa)`;\n } else {\n resultMaterial.textContent = materialNames[materialPreset.value];\n }\n \n const ratio = V_mm \/ S_mm;\n resultRatio.textContent = isNaN(ratio) ? '\u2014' : ratio.toFixed(1);\n \n const recV = S * 8;\n recommendedV.textContent = isImperial ? recV.toFixed(4) : recV.toFixed(1);\n \n const minV = S_mm * 8;\n if (V_mm < minV && V_mm > 0 && S_mm > 0) {\n warningCard.classList.remove('hidden');\n warningCurrentV.textContent = isImperial ? V.toFixed(4) : V.toFixed(1);\n warningRecommendedV.textContent = isImperial ? (minV * MM_TO_INCH).toFixed(4) : minV.toFixed(1);\n } else {\n warningCard.classList.add('hidden');\n }\n \n const unitSuffix = isImperial ? ' US T' : ' T';\n safetyCalculated.textContent = P_display.toFixed(2) + unitSuffix;\n safetyRecommended.textContent = (P_display * 1.2).toFixed(2) + unitSuffix;\n }\n \n [thicknessInput, lengthInput, vdieInput, tensileCustom, constantCInput].forEach(input => {\n input.addEventListener('input', calculate);\n });\n \n calculate();\n updateVDieTable();\n <\/script>\n<\/body>\n<\/html>\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bending Force & Tonnage Calculator is a practical engineering tool designed to help metal fabrication professionals accurately calculate the required bending force and tonnage for…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24201,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"pmpro_default_level":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[8413],"tags":[8423,8424,287,8426],"class_list":["post-24199","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-unit-and-industry-standard-conversion","tag-bending-force","tag-metal-bending","tag-press-brake","tag-tonnage-calculator","pmpro-has-access"],"acf":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.mechstream.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Bending-Force-Tonnage-Calculator.png","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mechstream.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24199","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mechstream.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mechstream.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mechstream.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mechstream.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=24199"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.mechstream.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/24199\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mechstream.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24201"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mechstream.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=24199"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mechstream.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=24199"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mechstream.com\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=24199"}],"curies":[{"name":"WP","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}